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Moderate Trek Of India : Har Ki Dun Trek / Har Ki Doon Trek is most popular trek and moderate trek for beginner and pro. trekkers. The trek passed through Govind National Park. Here i am going to tell about my whole trek.Our trek was organised by my best friends Parikshit Acharya and Kailash Jani.Both are really good trekker and i join them mostly at Jessore.

Our Trek from Sankri - Har Ki Dun - Sankri organised by Yata India . Below image is taken from sankri base camp hotel.

Har Ki Doon or Har ki Dun valley is in Uttarakhand and it is too far from my home so long travelling i had to face. We are total 41 members group for har ki doon trek from Gandhinagar, Kalol, Mehsana and Palanpur. And the best thing is participants age starts from 8 years to 40/42 years around so all type of members children , teenager and middle age.

How to go Har Ki Doon / Har Ki Dun (manage your own trip)
Our Itinerary : Complete Guide for trek to har ki doon/Har Ki dun

Our  Day To day Itinerary to Har ki Dun is as below.

• Day 1 : Mehsana to New Delhi via train (ashram express )
• Day 2 : Reach Delhi and get another train to Haridwar Night stay at Haridwar
• Day 3 : Early morning leave to Sankri via Massoorie ,Dehradun .(sankri night stay)
• Day 4 : Acclimatize at Sankri Base camp (nature walk,village visit)

Sankri Is base camp of our trek. Here we can acclimatize our body to cold weather for one day.

Now we start our trek to Har ki Dun on fifth day 

• Day 5 : Sankri to Taluka via local transport about 10-12 km

Trek start from Taluka to Seema village about 12 km (Stay at seema camp site)

• Day 6 : Seema to Har ki Doon valley about 16 km (stay at Har ki doon camp site )
• Day 7 : Visit Maninda Lake (optional ) or Play at big ground at Har ki Dun Valley.

• Day 8 : Leave from Har ki Doon to seema ( Night at seema campsite )

• Day 9 : Seema to Sankri (night stay sankri )
• Day 10 : Sankri to Haridwar (visit har ki pedi ganga arti n leave at night 11 pm to delhi via bus )
• Day 11 : Reach Delhi Swaminarayan Ashram have lunch n leave via train to Mehsana

As we done trek about 28 km from Taluka to Har ki Doon into 2 days u can split it into 3 days by adding one hold at osla village. The trek from Taluka to Seema is very easy as not much hike.After seema trek is little bit difficult at 2-3 places where u have to take hike at 45-60 degree but it not so difficult . U have to stay calm and believe in urself that u can complete it .There are some stalls where u can refresh urself with Meggy noodles, Buttermilk ,Lassi and Eggs.

THINGS TO CARRY DURING TREKKING
 

3-4 trek pents,3-4 Full sleeve t shirts, 4 pairs of shocks,Bagpack,Water bottle, Mug, Lunch Box, Spoon, Torch with extra cell,Sleeper,Good quality Shoes,Raincoat, Woolen Jacket, Thermal,MonkeyCap,Goggles,Hand Gloves,Sun Cap,Toothpaste-brush,Cold Cream, Vicks, Band Aid, Diclofanec Sprey,Medicines,4-5 Big polythene,Money, Original Photo ID,Camera kit

Note: There is no charging option after leave Sankri until u get back to saknri so take Powerbank for ur mobile and atleast extra 2 batteries for ur camera . Also take ur original Id and one xerox of it with u always.

Important : Har ki doon trek route is passed through Govind National Park so u must have to follow National Park rules. You have to submit ur fitness form and one original photo id xerox to forest department so must carry Medical certificate about ur fitness and ID proof.

Abstract in photography is a good subject to shoot. What abstract means - The definition of abstract photography  :: Abstract in photography means the subject existing in thought or in as an idea but it does not exist in physical form. Means Abstract Photography is an idea that you create from the subject. During lock down period i have lots of spare time to shoot every kind of theme photography at my home. Creative abstract photography ideas you can get from your home. Abstract photography in black and white looks beautiful in any subject. I use macro lens for this so i can call it Abstract Macro Photography.

TECHNIQUES AND EXAMPLES OF ABSTRACT PHOTOGRAPHY : 

Now a days you have to be creative in photography. Everyday a new challenge to face. New subjects and new theme. I found lot of thing at my home that we can shoot for theme photography or abstract in photography. When my son had no school and he put his pencil box inside a drawer i guess an idea for pencil abstract photography. Then i take a rubber band and gather all pencil and bunch it all. and look what i get . A beautiful image and creature and a good sample of design made by pencil bunch. Then i shoot it process it in Black And White Abstract photo and color too. I take color pencil too for colorful abstract images. 

My pencils are not same color and design so little bit mismatch of colors. So i do it black and white to destroy variant color. Color pencil with good colorful abstract art image.

How to create Pen abstract image : 

You can try any subject to get abstract photography. You can create same abstract images with color Pen too. Here i give some sample images of Pen abstract photography ideas at home. Bunch of pen cover is also good to shoot as an abstract image. Also point ball pen pointer with your macro or some prime lens make image very attractive. For abstract images you can move your camera while your shutter release in slow make a motion image of any subject is really awesome. Below i provide some sample images of motion abstract of pen make image very attractive. For this you need tripod otherwise image will not get clear well i take it handheld but still if i use tripod then result will be better i think. Using some external lights to your subject is good for abstract images. I use macro lens so i fire flash and external light too for higher aperture value.

Create Motion Blur Abstract photo :

For motion blur just stady your subject use external lights and go for high aperture and low shutter speed. While you click your shutter like about 1 second to 5 second move your camera in any direction until your shutter close. See the result. You can work this trik to any subject like trees too. So you can easy take an Abstract Photo at your home items. Lots of Home items are being used for Abstract photography so try it. I will Put some more Home Abstract Ideas for Abstract photography at home.

Gear Used : Canon 80 D, Canon 100 mm macro lens, External LED light, Flash light of camera, No tripod used in all photos.

Landscape Photography is one of my favorite subject. Corbett National Park is one of the most visited National Park in India. Its a Biggest Tiger Reserve in India and also large number of Tigers are here. Framing a landscape photo need good background and foreground. Well in corbett National Park Dhikala is the place where you can stay at night and also near to river side so you can visit Asiatic Elephant Family at Dhikala area. 

Dhikala is situated at core location of Corbett National park. It is located about 30 km from Dhangadi Gate of Corbett National Park. Actually Dhikala is forest rest house where tourist can stay. Dhikala Forest Lodge is best place to stay in Corbett national Park. There are 6 different winges with different numbers of rooms in Dhikala. Dhikala is most popular to stay for wildlife photographers because in this area you can visit good river side sunset or sunrise and also a large number of Asiatic Elephants with Family. 

Morning Golden Light :

While shooting landscape photography light is very important . When i was on my safari at Dhikala zone i saw morning golden light and a burned tree trunks standing on ground. Well i just capture is with good golden light. If you want good colors of sunlight then use white balance on shades in your DSLR camera. It boost your frame colors. And after then post processing with good color corrections. I also shoot it in Black and White landscapes at Corbett national Park. 

Corbett national park is too big in area that Tiger siting possibility is too low. But there are another beautiful subjects to shoot their like elephants, crocodiles, birds etc. Also dont forget the Dikhala site where you can take landscape photos of amazing corbett. During sunset time here you can get elephant family and also magic of golden light.

Alone tree with golden light looks beautiful in frame. 

A birds on top left branch of the tree .make my frame outstanding black and white photo with bird.

How to Reach Corbett National Park :

Corbett National park is located in Nainital District, Ramnagar, Uttarakhand. Nearest Railway station is Ramnagar about 10-12 km from Corbett Tiger Reserve. Kathgodam Railway station is about 3 hours distance from corbett national park. Nearest Airport is Pantnagar about half hour drive from corbett national park. Also you can fly to Delhi and then hire a car for corbett national park for one way. Best time to visit corbett national park is winter season. Well you can also visit all over year but winter is better to visit Jungle. Only Registered vehicles are allowed inside the park so you cannot go with your own car inside park. Bijrani is the best zone after Dhikala to spot Tigers. 

Gear Used : Canon 1000 D, Canon 6D, Canon 18-55mm, Canon 100-400mm

Alcazar show Pattaya in Thailand is one of the famous show in asia . It is a perfact entertainment and must visit show. Show contains everything about Art,Sound and lighting.They play all countries songs in this show. You can see marvelous combination of costumes light and songs with ultrasonic sound.The theater has lots of sitting capacity may be 1000 -1200 i think ( i dont know actual sitting ) but that is too big. They serve water or juice during show. In this show all the performers are lady boys.    

About Alcazar Show / Alcazar Cabret Show Pattaya :

• Alcazar show contains marvellous costume designs and inspirational songs combinations.
• Its a family show so anyone can visit and enjoy Alcazar show at Pattaya.
• All Perfomers in this show are Ladyboys.
• Show tickets include pick up and drop to your hotel.
• Show duration approx 1 hour.
• Alcazar show ticket price around 600 THB.
• You can take a selfie with performers by paying some amount to them at the end of the show.
• The show starts in 1981 with 100 performers and staffs.
• Theater capacity is almost 1200 seats at a time.
• There are total 17 acts performe during the show which showing songs and dances from China, Russia, India, Vietnam, Thailand, Persia and Korea.
• The show performance to deliver all these countries culture characteristics.

You can see the latest  technologies and beautiful sounds and light systems. The different types of stages with diff. lights and they changed in some seconds so that is mind blowing. The color combinations of background and foreground and different costumes is awesome. All different types of songs played here. Different culture shown in this show and also a Hindi song played in it.

 They can also play the  famous songs like " Gangnam Style " By PSY.

So at the end you will not be disappointed . You can enjoy ur evening at pattaya by this show. Also some other attractions like walking street(A), Phantom show (A) , Nong Nooch village, Buddha Temple, Coral Island etc. 

Pallas's Fish Eagle is large brownish sea eagle. It is also known as Band Tailed Sea Eagle.It is Partially Migratory bird in central Asia. My first siting of Pallas's Fish Eagle Or Pallas's Sea Eagle at Corbett National Park in 2014 while I am participating Canon Wild Click organised by naturewanderers. Color of Pallas's Fish Eagle is light sandy brown. It face is white in color. Its Wings are darker than body color. Juvenile is dark brown in color.

About Pallas's Fish Eagle :

• It is known as Pallas's Sea Eagle Or Band Tailed Sea Eagle
• The length of Pallas's Fish Eagle is  70 to 85 cm .
• With Wingspan length is 180-210 cm.
• Male Eagle weight around 2 -3.3 kg and Female weight around  2.1 - 3.7 kg. 
• Main Diet of Pallas's Fish Eagle is Fresh fishes.
• It also hunts water birds, small mammals, frogs and reptiles too.
• It breeds in Russia, Mongolia, India, Kazakhstan, China, Nepal, Bangladesh, Bhutan etc.
• Pallas's Fish Eagle is Endangered spices and listed in Endangered on IUCN Red List.
• Golbal population of Pallas's Fish Eagle is around 2500 approx.
• Pollution and overfishing lakes by humans is main reason for putting in endangered to Pallas's Fish eagle .
• A reason for low count in India is spread of water hyacinth so difficult to find fishes in lake water.

Killing experience of Pallas's Fish Eagle :

To see kill of pallas's fish eagle is awesome experience. It standing on a tree and below 100-140 ft down a river goes and i saw that eagle stand for while then just down in fastest speed n catch a fish OMG what a scene that was . I just sow his speed n accuracy is fantastic.

I m not lucky too much that i shoot that action but a kill n feast i can capture.

Here below picture u can see his neck can turn 360 degree. That specialty makes him perfect for kill , watch, and be accurate .

Location : Corbett National Park, Near Dhikhala , During safari ride.

Canon gears : Canon6D , Canon 100-400mm 

Asiatic Lions are only in Gir national park located in Gujarat near famous Somnath Temple. It is also known as Sasan Gir. The park made in 1965 . It cover 1412 sq km area. At the 19th century only few of Asiatic lions were survive and all of them only in Gujarat's Sasan Gir. It is the only area in Asia where Asiatic lion live. In 2015 lion census conducted and the population of lions has been count around 523  upside then 2010 . There are 109 male, 201 Female and  213 cubs. Gir national park is only a park in India where you can see Asiatic Lions aka lions of Gir. The park has also approx 300  species of birds, 38 types of mammals , 37 spices of reptiles and more than 2000 spices of insects.

Things to know about Asiatic Lion / Gir Lions :

• Asiatic lions surviving only in India And only In Gujarat 
• Asiatic lions found in Gujarat only in Gir National Park.
• Asiatic Lion is one of the pantherine cats in India.
• North and west African Lion genetic are closer  to Asiatic Lion.
• The post orbital area of Asiatic Lion is shorter than African Lion.
• Adult male skull length is around 340 mm. and female skull length around 300 mm.
• Mane is less developed of Asiatic Lion in compare to African Lion.
• Gir and Girnar hill systems are comprise for  Asiatic Lion habitat.
• Gir Sanctuary, Gir National Park, Pania Sanctuary, Mitiyala Sanctuary and Girnar sanctuary are five areas are to save and protect Asiatic Lions.
• Barda Wildlife Sanctuary recently established for second home for Asiatic Lions.
• Male and Female lions are associate for few days while matting. Male and Female Lion rarely live and feed together.
• Lion can live 8-10 years in wild also they may live more than 25 years too. It depends on weather, ecology, Health of lion, Critical illness etc.

Lions of Gir : Gir Lions 

Gir lion also known as Asiatic lions are found only in India and in Gujarat only. So Sasan Gir is the only place where you can see Gir lions Or Asiatic Lions. You can go to Gir safari via online booking and enjoy the jungle safari . The jungle itself beautiful even you can not find Lions during safari. Most Trees found in Gir National Park are Teak wood tree . There are also Banyan tree, Jamun, Kalam, Amli and many more trees found at Gir Forest. The Gir Lions mostly eat by Hunting Chital , Sambar , Deer etc . Also Gir Lions Hunts local Cow / Cattle and Carrion . 

How Many Lions are there in Gir National Park : 

As per letest in 2020 there are more than 650 Asiatic Lions in Gir National Park. The numbers are increase almost 28 to 30 % from 2015 counting. The lions are one of the five pantherian cat in India. It is also known as Indian Lion. Asiatic Lions population is increasing but still you can say Asiatic lions endangered spices because their area are restricted only in Gujarat. Population growing is good but still Asiatic Lions are in endangered spices in IUCN list.

Gir Safari Booking online : Gir Lion Safari

You can book only online safari for Jungle trail in Gir National Park. You can book from girlion.in .  Two timings for Gir safari  morning and evening. In morning safari timings are 6 AM to 9 AM and 6:45 AM to 9:45 AM and 8:30 AM to 11:30 AM. and in evening safari timings are 3 PM to 6 PM and 4 PM to 7 PM.  Price for safari is approx 4000 INR per Jeep. It depends on members too.  More member (max 5 per jeep ) is cheaper for per person safari. Safari price includes Jeep, Driver, Guide and permit charges but may be some convenience fee extra charged. 

Asiatic Lions vs African Lions :

Main differance between Asiatic Lion vs African Lion is the male Asiatic lion is shorter then African lion. Also Asiatic Lion hair color is darker then African Lion hair. Also growth of hair (mane ) in African Lion is more than Asiatic Lions.

HOW TO REACH GIR ::

Nearest airport from Sasan Gir is Diu ( Domestic Airport ) but Nearest International Airport is Ahmedabad. Nearest railway station is Junaghadh . Lots of Hotels near Gir u can stay. Also some farmhouse can give room for rent. When u want to visit book safari online. Safari booking done online only so plan accordingly ur visit. Also take morning and evening safari as i prefer bcz no one lucky as first time to see lion in first safari. Also Devadia is reserve park for those who didn't see lions in safari in jungle. Here sure 100% to see lions and leopards. For resident of Gujarat people best way to go by own car. Find some good hotels and loudge near safari entrance.

Lions Breeding :

During breeding period you can not mess with lions. Also in monsoon the National park is closed but it not necessary that only in monsoon they breed. In Junaghadh Sakkarbaug Zoo made as breeding center. So it helps to study about lions behavour . And the sakkarbaug zoo successfully breeds 180 lions and more than 120 lions have been given to zoos in India and also in Foriegn.

Devaliya : 

Devaliya is an iterpretation zone where all habitats are covered in some area with fenses and also from entry gate. Here you can have half hour bus safari with 100 % sure see major animals like Lions and Leopard. It will promote nature education and also reduce some rush for jungle safari too. 

About Gir National Park : Flora and Fauna of Gir National Park

Gir National park is a wild life sanctuary and it also known as Sasan Gir. Asiatic Lions in India only here you can see. So the sanctuary is very important for wildlife and also for Asiatic Lions. There are also other mammals found here like Indian Leopard, Jungle Cat, striped Hyena, Golden Jackal, Fox etc. Also some reptiles like Cobra, Crocodial , Monitor Lizard and tortoise too. Also found more than 280 spices of birds here too so Gir national park is good for birding too. Some times Gir forest faces some cyclone and jungle fire too but its depends on ecology and nature so its not in human hand. So at end i must tell you that visit Gir National Park atleast once. Also Gujarat Tourism will helps you a lot in visit Gir forest and give more informations what you need. Gujarat tourism also promote to visit Sasan Gir as Khushboo Gujarat Ki. But i must say enjoying a Jungle ride even you cant see any animal is also a superb experience. Just enjoying nature.

KUNO Palpur in Madhya Pradesh may be the second home for Asiatic Lions in future. I am not sure about it i just heard some news about it. 

Note : All above photos are taken at Gir Forest none of above image is from Devaliya interpretation zone.

Gear Used : Canon 6D and canon  100-400 mm lens, Canon 1000D with 18-55 mm lens

About abstract photography : Abstract photography is like an non objective photography. Sometimes it is experimental sometimes its conceptual so abstract photography means depicting a visual image that does not belongs to a subject or object of the world. Abstract photography is all about your creativity. You can make and convert any object or subject as an abstract image. Abstract images are more attractive in water images. Water drops , running water, Water oil combination etc. are the best option for abstract photography. Also there are lots of objects in your kitchen which you can use as abstract photography ideas at home.

How to shoot abstract Photography with oil and water : Well in abstract images I shoot water drops, Running water and also pen pencils abstract images before and I also write a post on it so check it on my blog site.  

• I take a plain glass which has no design no color only plain glass I take. 
• Put some water in a glass and take some oil drops on water. You can take any oil like hair oil or cooking oil for this experiment. 
• Oil is floating on a water you can see bcz its natural science. Oil drops are in different round shapes. More oil you drop more round bubble floater on water you get. 
• First take some pictures from top of glass with white background. 
• For background put white paper below glass. Result is good but you need to use tripod and flash light for better result. 
• After that black and white image put some color paper and take some different color shots. 
• One more thing you can do take your mobile with multi color wallpaper on it and put it below glass which I do. This is amazing because you can get different layers of color in one image with different oil bubble colors. 

Now you can move oil bubbles with some stick and make a good angle of bubbles and take a shot. You can combine with color and bubble size too as I give you some sample images of color oil and water abstract. Take different colors and black and white pictures of these creative abstract photography at home and enjoy your photography. Abstract images are more attractive in black and white too so don't forget to take photo in black and white. You can also post process color abstract images into black and white in a software too.

Gears used for oil water abstract photography : Here I use Canon 80 D with 100mm macro lens. I don't use tripod in this photos but still get good images. You can use 50mm prime lens in this is also good lens for these abstract photography. Also i use a plain transparent glass, water, coconut oil and mobile with colorful photo for background.

At the end try to get more and more sharp images until you don't get much sharper image. Because abstract photography is looking attractive when your images are sharp. So use tripod at least and flash light for better results. 

Cheetah is the fastest animal on earth. It is a large cat of subfamily Felinae. This type cat find in Africa and Iran. It has slender body, spotted coat, deep chest, long thin leg, rounded head, and long spotted tail. Cheetahs are active during day time for hunting. By 2016 global cheetah population reaches 7100 approx.

Several African countries take many steps to improve population of cheetah. In Masai Mara sometimes Cheetah climb on safari van or car. I found cheetah in Amboseli National Park and also in Masai Mara/ Maasai Mara. Unfortunately i cant shoot at Amboseli National Park because its too far form us. Cheetah is not include in Big 5 Africa animals.

Facts About Cheetah :

• Cheetah body length is around 3.5 to 5 ft. 
• Cheetah can reach 112 Km/h in short time.
• Height of cheetah is around 25-35 inch at shoulder.
• Cheetah has three groups : Female cheetah and cubs, Male and solitary male.
• Cheetah mostly active on day time. 
• Cheetah hunts small size  approx 35-40 kg mammals.
• Breeding season of Cheetah through out a year.
• Cheetah cubs are highly attacked by large mammals like Hyena and Lions.
• In Hindi Cheetah called Cita ( चीता ).
• Cheetah also called hunting leopard.

Is African Cheetah Endangered ? : 

After survey and counting of African cheetah there are only 7100 Cheetah left. From Africa only cheetah vanished 90% of its population. In Africa Kenya has large population of cheetah around 1200 adults. Namibia has the largest population of Cheetah around 3500 till now. Due to lost of habitat and vulnerability to humans cheetah populations going down day by day. One interesting thing about wild cheetah is there is no record of cheetah killing humans. 

Masai Mara Safari : During my trip to Masai Mara Kenya day 1 first safari and within 5 minute v got couple of cheetah on road. They are looking for hunt and v stay for some time to see kill but v r not lucky that much. but v see some beautiful moments of cheetah. From my van cheetah family just some feet's away. Both cheetah helping each other to clean their skin. I don't know either they male or female but that moment I see is beautiful. We do one day half half morning and evening safari and another day we go for full day safari and went to mara river side where we see crocodiles, Hippos too. There is an option of Lunch or breakfast in the middle of Jungle at extra cost if you want. That is unique experience but its expensive too. Also balloon ride in masai mara national park is at 450 $ per person approx. Also direct chartered flight options available who do not want to go by road. 

Park fees in Masai Mara national park for foreigners : Well for non resident or foreigner park fees are 80 $ for adult and 45 $ for child. If you stay inside masai mara national park then fees are 70 $ per adult and 40 $ for child.  

Both cheetah in photo looking for hunt for a long. We are waiting for their hunt and waiting for live kill of cheetah but unfortunately we are not lucky much. But its thrilling experience for me.

Masai Mara Hotels : All resort and hotels are really good at masai mara national park. For migration time some resorts are giving fantastic view from room so book accordingly while travel to masai mara migration time. For cheap trip to masai mara go in January to March. All hotels and resort hospitality is awesome and price worthy. I stay in Mara leisure camp resort. Resort is very good and neat and clean tent. Also big size tent too. 

Location : Masai Mara National Park, Kenya.

Camera : Canon 6d with 100-400mm lens

What is star trail photography : Star Trail photography means capturing the moving stars. Actually stars doesn't move its moving of Earth. A picture which shows motion movement of stars called star trail photography. It is also a Long exposure photography too. Star trail photo shows individual stars as a streaks. Generally bulb mode in DSLR camera is used for star trail photography. Also you need shutter release cable for open and shut your shutter.

How to shoot star trail photo ?? 

Bulb Mode Photography of Stars

There are two different way to shoot Star Trail 

1. Taking multiple shots at interval of 30 sec and merge them all
2. Take a one shot of long interval approx 45 minutes 

From above two methods frankly say i never use first method of merge multiple images. I use one shot of long interval in different exposure like 10 minutes, 20 minutes, 45 minutes. But before shooting star trail you must know such things that need in star trail photography.

Star trail photography camera equipment :

• For capturing star trail photography you need good DSLR camera or Mirror less Camera. Now there are many point and shoot camera which can take good long exposure photographs. So choose best one or choose whatever you have..... But i prefer Full Frame DSLR camera for star trail photography or long exposure photography. Camera which support bulb mode and manual focus can be used in star trail photography.

• After taking good DSLR body you need best lens too. Best lenses for star trail photography i prefer focal length F/1.4 or F/2.8 or F/1.8 as you camera body supported. Generally i use canon 50 mm and 18-55 mm with canon 6 D body for star trail. Best lens for star trail is 10-20 mm lens and 14-20 mm lens.

• Also you need good tripod, remote shutter or shutter release cable supported to your camera body for long exposure photography.

Get good location for star trail photography : 

• For star trail photography you need good location too. Generally you can use mountains, trees, electric pole or building etc. Location and subject boost your star trail photo. So take a good location for star trail and reach at least before sunset so you can set up your camera gears in proper location at day light. You need also determine moon phases for your location to get dark sky. Also you need to shoot in RAW or RAW+JPEG format in star trail. 

How to star trail photography with DSLR camera :

Star trail photography settings of DSLR camera :

Well i use only single shot start trail, i never take multiple shot start trail and merge it so i don't know about multiple shot star trail photography. Here i can give you settings for star trail photography in single shot.

• First you need to set your camera and compose your shot.
• Use manual focus to your lens and Bulb mode in your camera.
• Set your lens to infinite focus as marked on lens and focus foreground subject.
• Set aperture minimum or widest as your lens supports. F/1.8, F/2.8 is better aperture for star trail photography. Or set aperture F/3.5 to F/5 is good enough. If you are using 45 minute exposure then set F/22 or F/32 for reduce noise ( as per darkness of area ).
• ISO setting for star trail is depends on your exposure but generally i set on 100 ISO. It helps in less grains in you star trail photo. High ISO make higher noise in photo. so keep it on 100 or 200 max. But if you using multiple shot for star trail  then ISO value may be 3600 and shutter speed  of 30 seconds.
• Set exposure of minimum 30 minutes or 45 minutes is the best for star trail photography. I also set different value for exposure from 10 minutes to 45 minutes. My first star trail photo taken at sandakphu singalila national park west Bengal. I use 45 minute exposure with 10-20 mm lens and body canon 1000 D ( basic model ). So it is not necessary to get high price camera .
• For exposure setting you need Remote shutter or shutter release cable and in your camera you have to set on remote mode.
• I suggest to set your camera on North side for star trail photography. A Polaris star is good identification  for direction or you can use some mobile apps for direction North like Compass app and also SkySafari App for mobile. Also need to know low pollution areas ( Use light pollution Map App) which helps you better guide. 
• You need to full charge your camera battery because in star trail photography you need full charged battery. Also take 1-2 extra charged batteries for taking multiple shots. For 30-45 minute exposure star trail photo one battery required.
• At the end Process your RAW image of star trail in Photoshop software  with some contrast and shadow and exposure settings. I suggest you that for star trail photography shoot in RAW format. In JPEG you need to select long exposure noise reduction on and it wasting your battery. Also post process in RAW  image  is better than JPEG image. 
• Note that with long exposure noise reduction on mode if you use 45 minute exposure then your photo may take atleast 45 minutes for process so do not turn off your camera until your photo process.

Star Trail photography is one of my favorite subject but it need too much patience to shoot Long exposure photography because it take too much time for shoot and also for process your image in camera. 

Star trail photography Android Apps :

• Dark sky finder ( for light pollution )
• Nightcap Camera ( for iPhone camera )
• Go sky watch ( for identify stars )
• Star tracker ( For identify stars and locations of moon sun )
• The Photographer's Ephemeris ( For best milky way finder )
• Compass ( for direction )
• Sky safari ( for stars finder ) 

At last i talk about my shots of star trail. First shot is my first star trail taken at singalila national park west Bengal at sandakphu. It was my first star trail under guidance of master of wildlife photography Shivang Mehta sir and Tejas Soni sir . I also thankful to Shantanu Prasad who arrange trip to sandakphu with naturewanderers. The second image taken at my home rooftop during lockdown period in year 2020. So that image is not clear because of pollution at cities. The third and fourth image taken at Little Rann Of Kutch during children awareness program. The foreground of that images are our tents and both images are taken at different exposure .

So thanking you to read my post about star trail photography guide. You can write comment if you like and also send suggestions if you have about my blog. And also like and share if you really like it and get information if you get from my post. 

Plumeria flower generally in white and pink color. Most of i seen in white color. Plumeria is related to Oleander,Nerium Oleander and both possess and irritant. Plumeria flowers are most fragrant at night in order to lure sphinx moths to pollinate them. Plumeria species may be easily propagated from cutting of leafless stem tips in spring. Plumeria is named in honor of the French botanist Charles Plumier. In Penataran Temple shows a plumeria tree with flower petals. In east India plumeria flower considered as a variety of Champak Flower. The Champaka flower had in home of Lord Krishna. The Champaka flower mean Golok Chapa. Champa flower plant is also available for sale online at many places.

Some Plumeria tree may reach a height of 30' to 40' and half as wide. They have widely spaced thick succulent branches, round or pointed, long leather, fleshy leaves in clusters near the branch tips. Sensitive to cold, leaves tend to fall in early winter since they are deciduous

Popular Champa Flowers :

• Plumeria Rubra
• Plumeria Obtusa
• Plumeria Alba
• Plumeria Pudica
• Pink Champa
• Champaca Magnolias

Things to know about Plumeria flower Plant ( Champa Flower ) :

• Plumeria is a genus of flowering plant.
• Plumeria flowers are most fragrant at night.
• Human pollination or insects can help to create new varieties of plumeria flower. 
• Most common name is plumeria frangipani.
• Plumeria rubra is the national flower of Nicaragua and Laos.
• In India plumeria known as Champa Flower plant.
• Plumeria spices have milky latex which irritate skin and eyes.
• Plumeria alba spices have narrow leaves.
• Plumeria pudica spices have dark green leaves and aslo glossy. 
• Plumeria is endamic in Mexico, Central America, Brazil and Florida.
• Champa flower tree is common in south Asia. They are associated with Hindu, Buddhiest and Jain temple. And peoples also believed that Champa tree provide shelter to Ghosts.
• Champa Plant or Plumeria plant known in English as Magnolia Champaca.
• All part of plumeria plant is toxic but there are no cases of plumeria poisoning.
• Champa plant or frangipani plant blooms are considered as a sign of Good luck in the world.
• Plumeria or Champa flowers not offered to Lord Shiva.

In India Plumeria tree or Champa flower plant are widely used in Garden. Many farms and home garden plant plumeria for nice fragrance at night. Also Champa plant flowers are white in color so it looks very beautiful in monsoon seasons. The bloom of champa flower looks like a bookey. Plumeria or champa plant easily grow up. There is no additional care to take for Plumeria plant that's why it is widely used in gardening. The plant of plumeria is cheap so easily anyone can buy. Also once it grow up you can cut plumeria plant branch and plant somewhere else it also grow up. So plumeria cutting plant also works.